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1. Which Of The Following Is An Example Of Ecological Imperialism
2. Ecological Imperialism Crosby Pdf Online

Submitted By MisterTdubWords 788Pages 4Significance of Chance in Crosby’s Ecological ImperialismDate: September 18th 2012During the biological expansion of Europe between 900-1900, humans have served as effective vehicles in the dispersion of biota both deliberately and accidently. An accidental chance can be defined as an event or incident that is both unpredictable and unexpected, which in relation to this study refers to the spread of people, plants, and animals across the world. Crosby devotes several chapters in explanation of weeds, humans, and animals. Selective evidence amongst the readings justifies how significant chance, or accident, is in Crosby’s account of the spread of people, plants, and animals.Crosby’s chapter dedicated to weeds defines the term in modern botanical use as “any plant that spreads rapidly and outcompetes others on disturbed soil” Alfred Crosby, Ecological Imperialism (Cambridge University Press, 1986), 149.

Crosby reasons that weeds aren’t necessarily good or bad, however they are the plants that botanist use terms as aggressive. A vast majority of the weeds introduced by the Europeans were accidental, as Crosby suggests it as an unintentional imperial victory. Crosby suggests multiple views on how chance led to the spread of weeds throughout the lands, proposing that European horses may have even accidently picked up biota and dragged it across the land (Ecological Imperialism, 156). Weeds were drawn to repair topsoil which in turn provided food and redistribution of stability; According to Crosby, since weeds deal with ecological stability, they were drawn to “thrive on radical change, that supports the reason for the triumph of European weeds in the Neo-Europe’s” (Ecological Imperialism, 170).

It may be considered luck, coincidence, or chance that weeds shadowed the movements of European populations, as it is believed that the spread of biota was not deliberate in many cases.It appears evident that in all circumstances by which the Europeans “discovered” America that their endeavors were unintentional, moreover accidental. According to most historians the Norse, or ‘Vikings’, where the first Europeans to arrive in Canada.

Between the 9th and 12th centuries, Vikings held a mass commercial Empire in Europe; the tale of Erik the Red suggests his discovery of Greenland, which plays a major role in the accidental discovery of America (Ecological Imperialism, 43-7). Bjarni Herjolfsson whom departed for Greenland was thrown off course where he found himself on the coast of North America, whom returned to share his discovery.

After hearing this tale, Red’s son Leif Erikson was intrigued, following his path that directed him to discover “Helluland”, Markland, and Vinland. It is evident that first attempt to establish a permanent colony in America was accidental. 300 Years later, in an attempt to locate a secret passage to Asia, Giovanni de Verrazzano sailed to what is believed to be Florida. From this we may determine that America was a discovery in attempt to find a passage to China, as Europeans were interested in the wealth of Asia Richard N.

Mack, et al., 'Biotic Invasions: Causes, Epidemiology, Global Consequences, & Control,' Ecological Society of America, vol. 10, number 3 (2000), 689-710.

It was years later after Jacques Cartier, that Cabot discovered this “secret passage”, called the Gulf of the Saint Lawrence; inevitably it is resolutely apparent that America was a mere coincidental discovery during the expedition to uncover a new route to Asia.The reason similar species are found in Europe and America is due to many reasons, most importantly the hypothetical continental split known as Pangaea, which caused “the decentralization of the process of evolution” (Crosby, Ecological Imperialism, 11-12). Additionally, when Europeans arrived in the 1500’s they brought with them houses, domesticated pets, farm animals, varmints, etc.

Crosby’s thesis suggests that Europeans were progressive imperialists due to their biological advantage, which includes their both accidental and deliberate dispersal of plants and animals. Furthermore it is undeniable that many species were delivered to the new world deliberately, however, some unintentional biotic invading species established a means of spreading and adapting to their new environments. As made evident by Crosby throughout his chapter devoted to animals, many vermin, pests, and parasites where not deliberately introduced.When the Europeans arrived in the Americas in the 1500s they brought with them farm animals, pests, insects, germs, diseases, and technology. Crosby’s Ecological Imperialism claims that the victories over the Amerindians were “in large part the triumphs of biological advantage” (200). Furthermore, it is determined that the significance of chance is eminent during the European domination of ecology and culture, as their efforts may be considered prosperous through biological coincidence rather than planned execution. The discovery of America may be one of the most fundamentally significant events in history, as the European biotic invaders served as both accidental and deliberate instruments of human progress.HIS 102: Paper # 1 ImperialismThere are many different opinions about imperialism and the “Age of Imperialism.” From a variety of people, like economists, writers, soldiers, and senators, all vary in opinion and idea about imperialism.

This essay compares and contrasts the views from a J. Hobson, Rudyard Kipling, Frederick Lugard, and Albert Beveridge.In J. Hobson’s document, “Imperialism,” Hobson argues that the motivation for imperialism was not driven by the well being and advantages for the nation, but by the interests and private gains of different social classes. By reading this document, you can get the impression that Hobson felt that imperialism was a result from demoralization of certain classes.

According to Hobson, imperialism was not just inessential for a nation, but obscene as well. This clashes with why Hobson felt that the underdeveloped countries were so desirable to build their economic assets with. He summarizes that these desirable and fortunate investments appealed to the favored classes because it gave these classes more than what was needed in sources of income.Also, Hobson was one hundred percent against imperialism and argued that the impact of imperialism was negative. In the text he states, “It is the besetting sin of all successful States, and its penalty is unalterable in the order of nature” (456). That statement lets the reader know exactly how Hobson felt about imperialism and its impact as a whole. Hobson even mentions in the.Words: 1149 - Pages: 5.Imperialism After the U.S. Had expanded across the continent, many in the U.S.

Wanted to expand our territory to new lands. Imperialism - to control weaker territories pollitcly, ecinomicly or millitarily. Europeans nations had carved up Africa and much of Asia.

Three factors fueled American imperialism: The desire for military strenth; and a thirst for new markets; and a belief in our cultural superiority.Sewards Folly in 1867, Sec. Of State William Seward had arranged for the U.S.The reading states that ecological certification cannot help wood company to attract more customers than ohter companies, where don't have it.

This goes against the speaker, who states that the wood companies, where have ecological certification, can attract many customer by advertising their product as ecocertified.First, the reading states that American customers are watched much advertising that they do not play attention to ecocertification label. This goes against the speaker, who states that not every consumer in American do not treat all advertising in the same way. According to the reading, many mediocre products are labeled by 'new' or 'improve' so American customer do not trust this kind of advertising. According to the speaker, consumer can distinguish between certificate that claim by own company and independent agency. American customer trust in independent agency and trust the ecological certificate label, which are claimed by themSecond, the reading states that ecocertified wood more expersive that uncertified wood and customer tend to be motivated by price. This goes against the speaker, who states that the pricing influence on consumer when one of product is much higher or lower than the others.

According to the reading, the ecocertified wood price is included business examined by agency. Consumers are attracted by cheap price of uncertified wood products. American wood companies prefer to keep low price.

According to the speaker, the additional.Words: 336 - Pages: 2.In the 19th and 20th century, European nations, such as the Great Britain, France, Italy, and Germany, expanded their empire building globally with their extremely superior military forces. They could very easily take over other “undeveloped” nations, since they had newly discovered quinine, which was effective in controlling attacks of malaria, and they had developed steamship and international telegraph. Imperialism is a term that refers to the economic and political domination or control of one country or nation by another one which is technologically and economically more advanced.The economic factors of Africa lured European Powers to its potential money making land that it has to offer. Due to the Industrial Revolution in Europe, production with the help of machines increased. European demand for raw materials such as oil, copper, rubber, cocoa, and gold increased (Document 3). Africa was seen as being capable of supplying the needed raw materials. As a result, European powers partitioned Africa in order to secure some territories in order to provide a constant supply of raw materials to their industries in Europe.

As they secured land in Africa, many countries stumbled upon huge diamond mines that increased the value of the land. With the help of machines during the Industrial Revolution, more goods were produced in the European industries but the local consumption was the same. This meant that not all the goods produced in Europe were locally sold and used in.Words: 898 - Pages: 4.Imperial AmericaEDGE Fall Quarter 2003Tim ChuehAmbert Ho12/5/03What Is Imperialism?“Imperialism is the highest stage of capitalismcharacterized by monopoly corporations and the compulsion to export capital abroad for higher profits.

Unlike capitalism in the earlier stages, in the imperialist stage, capitalism has no more progress to bring the worldthe cause of contemporary militarism” – Lenin“The policy, practice, or advocacy of seeking, or acquiescing in, the extension of the control, dominion, or empire of a nation, as by the acquirement of new, esp. Distant, territory or dependencies, or by the closer union of parts more or less independent of each other for operations of war, copyright, internal commerce, etc.” – Oxford dictionaryThe word imperialism derives from “empire.” As such, it is useful to spend a bit of time to define the word. In working towards a minimal definition, Stanford Professor of Archaeology J. Manning in his first lecture on Ancient Empires starts with: “An empire is a territorially extensive hierarchically political organization.” Unfortunately this definition is too vague.

All states encountered in human history are by definition hierarchical, and many nations today are vast compared to.Words: 10655 - Pages: 43.ImperialismThere is one particular figure whose name looms large, and whose spectre lingers, in indigenous discussions of encounters with the West: Christopher Columbus. It is not simply that Columbus is identified as the one who started it all, but rather that he has come to represent a huge legacy of suffering and destruction. Columbus ‘names’ that legacy more than any other individual.2 He sets its modern time frame (500 years) and defines the outer limits of that legacy, that is, total destruction.3 But there are other significant figures who symbolize and frame indigenous experiences in other places. In the imperial literature these are the ‘heroes’, the discoverers and adventurers, the ‘fathers’ of colonialism. In the indigenous literature these figures are not so admired; their deeds are definitely not the deeds of wonderful discoverers and conquering heroes. In the South Pacific, for example it is the British explorer James Cook, whose expeditions had a very clear scientific purpose and whose first encounters with indigenous peoples were fastidiously recorded.

Hawai’ian academic Haunani Kay Trask’s list of what Cook brought to the Pacific includes: ‘capitalism, Western political ideas (such as predatory individualism) and Christianity. Most destructive of all he brought diseases that ravaged my people until we were but a remnant of what we had been on contact with his pestilent crew.’4 The French are remembered by Tasmanian Aborigine Greg Lehman, ‘not for the.Words: 2036 - Pages: 9.argued that the turn to imperialism by the United States in the late nineteenth century was of a piece with expansionist policy that dated back to the founding of the nation. Many of the justifications were similar, including a civilizing mission, expanding economic opportunities, competition with foreign powers, and others. Additionally, the anxieties that resulted from the closing of the frontier (most famously expressed in Frederick Jackson Turner's 1893 essay The Significance of the Frontier in American History) are often cited as driving forces for continued expansion as a way of maintaining American vitality in a modern world.

Yet imperialism marked a major departure from previous US policy. For more than a century, political leaders had emphasized American isolation from the problems of the world.

By mid-century, however, the desire for new markets for United States manufactured goods had resulted in increasing involvement in foreign affairs. The United States became an imperialist power for reasons of wealth, land, and power in the late eighteenth century. Though ideologically convincing, the imperialist policies that the US followed proved to be unsuccessful in a number of instances.From 1890 to about 1911, many Americans held the strongest of reservation either in favor or against United States imperialism. Thus, the debate over imperialism is split into two categories: Imperialists and anti-imperialists.

Which Of The Following Is An Example Of Ecological Imperialism

The debate surrounding imperialism was indeed one of the.Words: 1430 - Pages: 6.British Officer.”(Lord Kitchener) New imperialism, the act of controlling territories under a greater power of greater nations, was popular during the nineteenth century. China and India were two independent nations, so similar, but yet also so different. Their imperialists had motives over raw material, resources, and power. Their thoughts of imperialism were fixed more on controlling and taking, then making relations and building up the country. This inequality led for a struggle of freedom and independence. From the struggles, the culture and the people had been impacted greatly from the foreign influences. Industrialism was halted for India and thrived in China.

From the coasts China to the riches of India, imperialism changed the countries vastly.Across India and China, imperialistic motives of the Europeans ranged from rare materials to the immense voltage of power, however how they forced upon these motives was different. These nations were both imperialized by great European powers. Furthermore, they both had Britain as a strong imperialist. In China, Britain wanted luxury goods, like silk and porcelain. Britain also looked at India for luxury goods.

Gems, gold, indigo, and spices were just several of the lustful items. Different Europeans nations, ruled different parts of these nations.

For India, Britain was the only critical imperialized. Unlike India, China had Britain, Germany, France, and Japan. Russia also had taken the chance to imperialize China at their.Words: 1907 - Pages: 8.ImperialismbyRobin HathornCultural imperialism is the practice of promoting, distinguishing, separating, and artificially injecting the culture or language of one nation in another. It is usually the case that the former is a large, economically or militarily powerful nation and the latter is a smaller, less affluent nation. Cultural imperialism can take the form of an active, formal policy or a general attitude. Cultural imperialism is a form of cultural influence distinguished from other forms by the use of force, such as military or economic force. Cultural influence is a process that goes on at all times between all cultures that have contact with each other.

Cultural imperialism is also very different from other imperialistic ways, in the sense that no military or economic intervention is needed to be able to influence countries.When discussing cultural imperialism involving the United States, one often refers to the U.S. As the 'American Empire'. The American Empire is a term sometimes used to describe the historical domination and the current political, economic, and cultural influence of the United States on a global scale. Cultural imperialism involves much more than simple consumer goods; however, it involves the teaching and implementation American principles, such as freedom and democracy on to other nations. However, it is in popular culture that the mutual relationship between America and the rest of the world is demonstrated best. Cultural.Words: 552 - Pages: 3.Imperialism is a type of advocacy of empire.

Its name originated from the Latin word 'imperium', meaning to rule over large territories. Imperialism is 'a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means'.2 Imperialism has greatly shaped the contemporary world.3The term imperialism has been applied to Western political and economic dominance in the 19th and 20th centuries, however its precise meaning continues to be debated by scholars. For example, cartographers of the nineteenth century used cartography to further fuel imperialism.

As scholar Bassett notes, 'Maps were used in various ways to extend European hegemony over foreign and often unknown territory.' 4 It is better to use terms such as cultural or economic imperialism to describe some of these less formal types of domination.5 Some writers, such as Edward Said, use the term more broadly to describe any system of domination and subordination organised with an imperial center and a periphery.6 From a Marxist perspective, imperialism is a natural feature of a developed capitalist nation state as it matures into monopoly capitalism. In Lenin's work Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism, he observed that as capitalism matured in the Western world, economies shifted away from manufacturing towards banking, finance, and capital markets, as production was outsourced to the empires' colonies. Lenin concluded that competition between Empire and.Words: 498 - Pages: 2. Using solar energy to power some things in a home. It is a renewable energy source and causes no pollution.Source: Natural lighting instead of bulbs. Uses up no energy and is proven to be better for human productivity by scientist Mirjam MuenchSource: Walk, bike or take public transportation instead of driving.

Doing so can reduce your ecological footprint by as much as 20%. This also reduces the amount of air pollution that occurs and decreases the chance of traffic jamsSource: Have your car inspected regularly.

Ecological Imperialism Crosby Pdf Online

This ensures that the emission system will be as efficient as possible.Source: Be dropped off further away from the school to avoid idling. Keeping a vehicle in one place for a long time can release wasted gas and cause air pollutionSource: Carpool. Greenhouse gas emissions will be decreased and air quality will improve.Source: Choices:1. Start a fresh produce garden in your backyard.

Reduces amount of energy used from.Words: 493 - Pages: 2.pressure being the foreboding warning of repercussions if shemade a wrong choice. Lael is emotionally attached to Liz. She knows her pain and feels bad for herson's health and really wants to help her out in any way possible. They are more of friends thancolleagues at work. Now if she promotes her then she is taking the risk of favoring her friend. Shewants to help her as a friend but her hands are tied because lael is superior to Liz at work.The senior manager who referred Roy as a favorite is intimidating Lael by stating Roy's presence inthe company.

The manager is trying to exert unnecessary pressure on Lael to appoint his favoritecandidate as a manager. And also Roy's son is getting hitched to Vice President's daughter.

Thesignificance of this conjugation might play negative role in her decision to appoint Roy. People mightperceive that she made her decision under the pressure of risking her job. And finally in the decision toappoint Quang Yeh she would acting under the influence of her senior who is willing to bribe Lael.All of the three choices are mind boggling but there has to be one choice and that is inevitable. Henceno matter how daunting the task seems Lael should be composed and be ready to justify her choicewhich should not have any hint of unethicality.Shirish Singh.Words: 1063 - Pages: 5.The Era of ImperialismDuring the late 1900’s Europe decided it was in the nation’s best interest to expand their territory and bring inferior race’s under its control. The Europeans would not be the first to expand however they did go one step further, choosing occupied areas.Africa, Asia and the Pacific were three of the first areas to be conquered and permanently occupied.

Industrial Revolution empowered Europeans in a way they hadn’t been empowered before; industrialization and technology changed the very nature of imperialism. The European’s possessed knowledge of technology and fire power that no one else could compare to.The Europeans felt that it was their duty as well as their right to progress the rest of human civilization by teaching them their own western ways. Because the Europeans reaped the benefits of profit and global power they felt as if they were justified in their actions.Regardless of how powerful the Europeans were, not everyone shared their views. People questioned their motives and claims of everyone benefiting from the European-style colonization. Eventually those who became subject to the Europeans, became aware of the own lost culture and ways, this began the protest of anti-colonial nationalist.Justifications of Imperialism“Something else is needed for France: that she cannot merely be a free country, that she must also be a great country, exercising all of her rightful influence over the destiny of Europe; that she ought.Words: 1494 - Pages: 6.Force Behind European Imperialism in Africa?During the 19th century, King Leopold II of Belgium compared Africa to a cake. At the Berlin Conference in 1885, seven European nations took slices of Africa for themselves without discussing any details with Africans.

From a 21st century perspective, this seems like a selfish thing to have done, so why did Europeans engage in imperialism? Certainly, political factors, cultural causes, and technological advancements were important. But the primary cause was economic. European nations competed to exploit the rich resources of Africa for financial and commercial gain.Much of European imperialism in Africa came as a result of political causes.

There were seven different European countries with colonies in Africa (Doc A). This probably created an intense atmosphere of competition. Each of these countries wanted to 'keep up' with their neighbors and did not want to be surpassed in riches or glory. Many in England believed they had to take colonies 'or perish.' Germany believed it needed to 'prove and maintain its newly won position' by taking more colonies (Doc B).

National pride created competition among nations that accelerated European movement into Africa.European imperialism in Africa also resulted from cultural causes. One example of this is that at The Berlin Conference, Europeans stated that the 'moral and material well being' of the African peoples would be improved by European imperialism (BGE). Another.Words: 650 - Pages: 3.