Mainframe Refresher By Muthu
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// NAMEOPERATIONOPERAND,OPERAND,OPERANDCOMMENTS name field operation field operand field comment fieldname field – identifies the statement so that other statements or the system can refer to it. The name field must begin immediately after the second slash. It can range from 1 to 8 characters in length, and can contain any alphanumeric (A to Z) or national (@ $ #) characters.operation field – specifies the type of statement: JOB, EXEC, DD, or an operand command.operand field – contains parameters separated by commas. Parameters are composites of prescribed words (keywords) and variables for which information must be substituted.comments field – optional. Comments can be extended through column 80, and can only be coded if there is an operand field. // DISP=SHRread from// DISP=OLDwrite to// DISP=(NEW,CATLG,DELETE)create and catalog; delete if there is a system abend// DISP=(OLD,PASS)dataset already exists; pass it to the next step// DISP=MODwrite to the bottom of an existing dataset6.4.2 SPACE ParameterAll new data sets on disk volumes must be allocated space.
Storage on disk volumes can be allocated in units of blocks, cylinders, tracks, kilobytes, and bytes.The space may be requested as a primary and a secondary amount. The primary amount is allocated when the data set is opened with a disposition of NEW. The secondary amount is allocated if the primary amount is exceeded.The primary amount can be conservative, with the secondary amount providing a reserve. The secondary amount provides for data set growth over time.// SPACE=(TRK,(primary,secondary,directory))primary receive this amount of space initiallysecondary receive this amount of space each time more is needed (up to 15 times)directory reserve this amount of blocks to keep the directory of a partitioned dataset (NOT USED for a sequential dataset)1 directory block allows for 5 members in a partitioned datasetTotal Space = (1. primary) + (15.
secondary) 6.4.2.1 Partitioned Dataset vs. Sequential DatasetAny named collection of data is called a data set. A partitioned dataset consists of multiple files within one data structure. A sequential dataset consists of one file within a data structure.Partitioned Dataset. individual members are read/manipulated without disturbing other members.
it is advisable to never write directly to a partitioned dataset in your program. on DD statememt: DSN=userid.file(member).
Mainframe Refresher By Muthu
call from editor: file(member)Sequential Dataset. dataset must be read from top to bottom. on DD statement: DSN=userid.file. call from editor: file.
PARTITIONED DATASETDSN=’userid.data-set-name(member)’SEQUENTIAL DATASETDSN=’userid.data-set-name’ DIRECTORY —————– MEMBER1 —————– MEMBER2 —————–. —————– MEMBERn ————————– DATASET A partitioned dataset differs from a sequential dataset in that it has a directory of its members. Whenever you refer to a member of a partitioned dataset, you include the member name in parentheses. 6.4.2.2 DFSMS (System Managed Datasets)On the TSO service, data sets are typically created and reside on disk volumes. A volume is a standard unit of storage. These disk volumes are referred to as DASD, which stands for Direct Access Storage Device. Each block of data on a DASD volume has a distinct location and a unique address, making it possible to find any record without extensive searching.
One DASD volume can be used for many different data sets, and space on it can be reallocated and reused.At theUniversityofGeorgia, you are now required to utilize the Data Facilities Storage Management Subsystem (DFSMS) to establish permanent data sets. The Storage Management Subsystem (SMS) is an operating environment that automates the management of storage. With SMS, users can allocate data sets more easily. The data sets allocated through the Storage Management Subsystem are called system-managed. System-managed means that the system determines data placement and automatically manages data availability, performance, space, reclamation, and security.
One of the most beneficial goals of System-managed storage is to relieve users of performance, availability, space, and device management details.DFSMS stores data in a device-independent format so that it can easily move the data to any of the following devices:. 3490E Magnetic Catridge Tape. DASD for models 3380 and 3390The migration and movement of data depends on such factors as:. Management Class. Data set Usage 76.
Minimum percent free space on a DASD Volume. Request by storage administrator or userDFSMS records the location of each dataset it moves in a control data set. The actual migration is handled by DFHSM (Data Facilities Hierarchical Storage Manager). DFHSM is a DASD management product tool for managing low-activity and inactive data.Data sets that have reached the end of their retention period (expired) will be deleted. Data sets with a management class of STANDARD will be deleted if the data set has not been referenced for a period of eighteen months. A notification will be sent to the user after a STANDARD data set has not been referenced for six months informing the user of the STANDARD deletion policy. At this time the data set will be moved to tape.All data sets that have a management class of RETAIN95 or STANDARD will be automatically backed up by DFHSM.
Din next pro condensed bold. Two copies of each will be kept. The change indicator will trigger the backup after the first backup is made.
A user can use the HBACK command to add non-STANDARD and non-RETAIN95 data sets to this. ParameterAbbrvMeaningNAMEGDD name.LIMITLIMThe no. S001An I/O error ocurred. Check reason code for exact cause. Examples are trying to read beyond End of File, trying to write to an input file or a file length error.S002Invalid I/O record, eg attempting to write a record that is longer than the maximum record length.S004Error occured during OPEN.
Eg Invalid DCB.S013Error OPENing a dataset, eg PDS member does not exist, record length in program doesn’t match dataset’s record length.S0C1Operation Exception. Check for subscript errors, missing DD card, file not opened.S0C4Protection Exception/Storage Violation. Trying to access storage not available to the program. Can be caused by a subscripting error or reading/writing a file that isn’t open.S0C7Program Check Exception – Data. Check for spaces in a packed decimal or numeric field. Check to see if record layouts or file layouts have been changed.Sx22Job has been cancelled. The value of x will vary depending on the way the job was cancelled.
S222 means job was cancelled by a user or operator without a dump. If a TSO session times out you will probably get an S522 abend code.S806Unable Link or Load. The job was unable to find the specified load module. Check that the job is looking at the correct Load Libraries, specify a STEPLIB if required.S80ANot enough Virtual Storage to satisfy a GETMAIN or FREEMAIN request.S822Unable to obtain to obtain enough space to satisfy a REGION= request May need to change REGION statement in the JCL.S878Not enough storage available to satisfy a GETMAIN or FREEMAIN request. Job was anable to allocate an area of memory of the correct size. Try Specifying or amending the ‘REGION=’ JCL statement.S913You are trying to access a dataset which you are not authorized to use.Sx37Unable to allocate enough storage for a dataset. You might need to increase the amount of primary and secondary space to be allocated for a dataset in the ‘SPACE=’ parameter, or you may have to move the dataset to a different DASD devive which has enought space to store the dataset.
‘x’ will vary, likely Abends are SB37, SD37 or SE37.U1020I/O Logic error. Typical reasons are; trying to write to a file opened as input; Rewrite without a previous read. See the message IGZ020I for details of the exact reason.U1035Inavlid OPEN/CLOSE. Check there is a DD statement for the file.
See the message IGZ035I for more detailed information.001I/O ERROR002I/O INVALID RECORD004OPEN ERROR008I/O SYNAD ERROR013OPEN ERROR028PAGING I/O ERROR0CXPROGRAM CHECK EXCEPTIONS: 0C1OPERATION0C4PROTECTION / ADDRESSING0C5ADDRESSING706NON-EXECUTABLE PROGRAM804INSUFFICIENT VIRTUAL STORAGE806UNABLE TO LOAD (LINK ETC) PROGRAM80AINSUFFICIENT VIRTUAL STORAGE878INSUFFICIENT VIRTUAL STORAGE737I/O ERRORA14I/O ERRORB37INSUFFICIENT DASD SPACED37INSUFFICIENT DASD SPACEE37INSUFFICIENT DASD SPACEVSAM Logical error codesThese codes indicate VSAM errors. They appear on the JOB log. 004(04)Read past end of file008(08)You attempted to store a record with a Duplicate Key, or there is a duplicate record for an alternate index with the unique key option.012(0C)You attempted to store a record out of Ascending Key Sequence in Skip-Sequential Mode; record had a Duplicate Key; for Skip-Sequential processing your GET, PUT, and POINT Requests are not referencing records in Ascending Sequence; or, for Skip-Sequential Retrieval, the key requested is lower than the previous key requested. For Shared Resources, buffer pool is full.016(10)Record not found.020(14)Record already held in exclusive control by another requester.024(18)Record resides on a volume that cannot be mounted.028(1C)Data set cannot be extended because VSAM can’t allocate additional Direct-Access Storage Space. Either there is not enough space left to make the secondary allocation or you attempted to increase the size of a data set while processing SHROPT=4 and DISP=SHR.036(24)KeyRangeswere specified for the data set when it was defined but no range was specified that includes the record to be inserted.040(28)Insufficient Virtual Storage to complete the request. 044(2A) Work area too small. EXEC CICSBIF DEEDITFIELD (amount)LENGTH (8)END-EXEC.
BIF DEEDIT is used to remove the special characters from the input field. The Amount field displayed has a dollar sign and a decimal point. By using BIF DEEDIT dollar sign and decimal point is removed. CEMT set program (prg1) New compOrCEMT S PR (prg1) N. After making changes to a program the new version replaces old version, but CICS which is currently executing has no way of knowing this automatically. The CICS processing program table PPT still points to the old-version. To avoid testing with the old version, you must use the CICS-provided CEMT transaction to update the pointer to the program.COMMON FORMAT.
A CICS command consists of a keyword phrase, delimiter, function, options and their argument values. Be careful about periods. Avoid them after END-EXEC.
Where you don’t really want them.For eg. Within an If. S#SNAMESTATUSCITY001PRASAD20CHENNAI002VASU30DELHI003SIVA10BOMBAYVIEWS. Views can be very practical ways of simplifying queries by reducing the number of different tables.
Views can also hide sensitive data from users who don’t need access to it.CREATE VIEW EMPVIEWASSELECT EMPNO,NAME,DEPT,JOB FROM EMPSYNONYMS. Synonym is like a nick name to a table name and when no longer needed it can be dropped.